Trade
How green coffee is graded, priced, shipped and sold.
Supply and seasons
1 entry · 6 coming- SupplyHarvest calendarsWhen coffee is picked in each producing country, why many origins have two crops, and how altitude spreads the harvest over the year.Source-checked
- Supply · comingCoffee production by country
- Supply · comingCoffee consumption by country
- Supply · comingCrop year and coffee year
- Supply · comingStocks and supply balance
- Supply · comingCrop forecasting
- Supply · comingThe rise of robusta
Prices and markets
3 entries · 8 coming- MarketHow a coffee price is madeWhat a green coffee price is built from – a futures reference, a negotiated differential and the contract that fixes them – and what freight, duty, financing and roast loss add on the way to the cup.Source-checked
- MarketCoffee futuresHow the New York arabica and London robusta futures contracts work, how traders and roasters use them to hedge price risk, and what they cannot hedge.Source-checked
- MarketDifferentialsThe premium or discount that turns a futures price into the price of one real lot of green coffee – who sets it, what moves it, how the exchange’s own differentials differ, and why a futures hedge leaves it exposed.Source-checked
- Market · comingICO indicator prices
- Market · comingHedging
- Market · comingPrice fixation
- Market · comingOptions on coffee futures
- Market · comingCurrency and coffee prices
- Market · comingSpeculation and funds
- Market · comingPrice volatility
- Market · comingCoffee price history
Who trades coffee
1 entry · 6 coming- Trade · comingThe coffee value chain
- Trade · comingTrading houses
- TradeSwitzerland and the coffee tradeHow Switzerland, a country without coffee farms, became a centre of the green coffee trade and a large exporter of roasted coffee and capsules, and why it keeps compulsory coffee stocks.Source-checked
- Trade · comingCooperatives and middlemen
- Trade · comingDirect trade
- Trade · comingAuctions and competitions
- Trade · comingWho earns what along the chain
Contracts and documents
2 entries · 5 coming- ContractGreen coffee contractsThe standard contract forms under which most green coffee is bought and sold – the European ESCC and the New York GCA contract – and what they say about quality, weights, documents, payment, claims and arbitration.Source-checked
- ContractIncoterms for coffeeThe International Chamber of Commerce’s three-letter trade terms that say where green coffee changes hands, who carries the risk on the way and who pays freight, insurance and customs clearance.Source-checked
- Contract · comingShipping documents and the bill of lading
- Contract · comingPayment terms
- Contract · comingICO marks
- Contract · comingArbitration
- Contract · comingCoffee trade glossary
Logistics
1 entry · 6 coming- Logistics · comingShipping green coffee
- Logistics · comingSmall-lot consolidation
- Logistics · comingImport and customs
- Logistics · comingSamples in the trade
- Logistics · from ProcessGreen coffee storage and transportHow green coffee is kept and shipped between the dry mill and the roaster – warehouse, bag and container – and why warm, humid air and time make it age.Source-checked
- Logistics · comingCoffee bean weevil
- Logistics · comingConversion factors
Risk
4 coming- Risk · comingRisk in the coffee chain
- Risk · comingCounterparty and country risk
- Risk · comingTransport and storage risk
- Risk · comingSupply-chain shocks
Quality and rules
1 entry · 3 coming- RuleGreen coffee grading standardsHow green coffee is graded for sale – who grades it, how a sample is checked for defects, bean size and moisture, and how national export grades, exchange grades and specialty grading differ.Source-checked
- Rule · comingGreen coffee quality control
- Rule · comingPesticide residues
- Rule · comingTraceability
Sustainability and standards
3 entries · 2 coming- StandardEU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)The EU rule that lets coffee be sold in or exported from the EU only if it is deforestation-free, legally produced and covered by due diligence; as of October 2026 it applies from 30 December 2026.Source-checked
- StandardCertifications and labelsWhat the main coffee sustainability labels – Fairtrade, Rainforest Alliance, organic, 4C and Bird Friendly – require and guarantee, how much coffee carries them, and what independent studies find about their effects.Source-checked
- StandardSustainability claims and greenwashing rulesWhat the EU rules applying from 27 September 2026 and the Swiss rules on climate claims say about environmental and sustainability claims on coffee bags, menus and websites, and how offsetting, insetting and carbon removal differ.Source-checked
- Standard · comingSustainability in coffee
- Standard · comingLiving income
History
4 coming- History · comingYemen and the Mocha trade
- History · comingThe International Coffee Agreements
- History · comingCoffee price crises
- History · comingBrands and the industrial age
Tools
2 tools- ToolHarvest calendarWhen coffee is picked in 28 producing countries, month by month: main and second crops, which countries are harvesting now and what share of the world crop they grow.
- ToolGreen coffee cost calculatorFrom an origin price to the cost of a cup: futures plus differential or an outright price, freight, insurance, duty, financing and roast loss. Converts cents per pound, dollars per tonne, per kilo and per 60-kg bag.
See also: Grading and sorting of green coffee (process)